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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.16 No.1 – Print
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.16 No.1, there are well researched articles on:
- Commercial Law & Practice
- Intellectual Property Law
- Data Protection & Privacy
- Employment Law
- Taxation
- Energy Law
- Medical Law
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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.16 No.1 – E-Book
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.16 No.1, there are well researched articles on:
- Commercial Law & Practice
- Intellectual Property Law
- Data Protection & Privacy
- Employment Law
- Taxation
- Energy Law
- Medical Law
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The Process of Tax Appeals and Public Law Challenges to Tax Administration in Nigeria
0₦2,500.00Isaiah Akano in his article, The Process of Tax Appeals and Public Law Challenges to Tax Administration in Nigeria, undertakes a critical look at the process of tax appeal and the available public law challenges to the system of tax administration in Nigeria. The endless discussions on the drive for revenue by the Government, especially through taxation, can never be overstretched in view of the pivotal role tax plays in the generation of revenue by the government. One of the major objectives and even characteristics of tax is the need to ensure equity and fairness not only amongst taxpayers of unequal economic status but also between the taxpayers on one hand and the tax authorities on the other hand. This no doubt highlights the need for an efficient and effective tax administration in Nigeria. It also indicates the need to put in place a system that will ensure checks and balances to curb the excesses of tax officials and thereby promote fairness in the system of tax administration. Over time, statutory provisions and judicial precedents have shown that actions of relevant tax authorities can be challenged, especially when such actions are unconstitutional and unlawful.
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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.16 No.1
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.16 No.1, there are well researched articles on:
- Commercial Law & Practice
- Intellectual Property Law
- Data Protection & Privacy
- Employment Law
- Taxation
- Energy Law
- Medical Law
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Aggressive Tax Avoidance Scheme: The Emergence of the Continuous Distortion of the Fine Line Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion
0₦2,500.00Isaiah Akano in his article, Aggressive Tax Avoidance Scheme: The Emergence of the Continuous Distortion of the Fine Line Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion, explores the thin line between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion. Tax is one of the major sources of revenue of the government in Nigeria. As a matter of fact, at the inception of the year 2024, the Federal Government tasked the Federal Inland Revenue Service to generate a whopping sum of N19.4 trillion which amounts to about sixty percent increase from the sum of N12.3 trillion generated by it in 2023 in a bid to raise the overall government revenue as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to 25% . The revenues are meant to be generated from individuals, companies and other legal entities through tax. Hence, there is a need for citizens and corporate bodies to arrange their affairs in such a way that they can attract a minimal tax, especially in view of the harsh economic condition in the country, high inflation rate, the weak value of the naira and high interest rate on loans which most businesses resorted to, as their major source of capital. Tax lawyers, Accountants and other tax consultants had at different times proffered different ‘tax avoidance schemes’ to their clients. Some of the Schemes are aggressive and complex in nature and there are instances wherein they were eventually interpreted by the Court to amounting to tax evasion. Akano seeks to take a critical look at the line of differences between tax avoidance and tax evasion and also discuss the continuous distortion of same as a result of the advent of aggressive tax avoidance schemes in recent years.
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A “Deeper Dive”: The New Deduction of Tax at Source (Withholding) Regulations, 2024
0₦2,500.00Stephen Arubike and Adeyinka Adeoye in their article, A “Deeper Dive”: The New Deduction of Tax at Source (Withholding) Regulations, 2024, provide a comprehensive analysis of the Deduction of Tax at Source (Withholding) Regulations, 2024 (the “Regulations”), issued by Nigeria’s Minister of Finance and the Coordinating Minister of the Economy. Effective from January 1, 2025, the Regulations replace previous regulations on the subject, introduce several significant changes to the country’s withholding tax (WHT) regime. Key provisions include adjustments to applicable tax rates, expanded coverage of taxable entities, and a new emphasis on taxpayer identification numbers (TINs) to drive compliance. Arubike and Adeoye also address critical legal concerns raised by the Regulations, including conflicts with primary statutes, overreach in the Minister’s authority, and the unfair imposition of penalties on non-resident companies. While the Regulations aim to simplify WHT processes, reduce tax burdens on small businesses, and enhance tax compliance, several ambiguities and issues remain, particularly regarding non-resident taxation and penalties for non-compliance. Arubike and Adeoye conclude by discussing the transition period and its potential implications, as well as the need for further clarification on certain provisions to ensure fairness and legal consistency in implementing the Regulations.
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Value Added Tax on Real Estate Lease Transactions: Connecting the Dots
0₦2,500.00In their article, Value Added Tax on Real Estate Lease Transactions: Connecting the Dots, Stephen Arubike and Utonwa Onwumelu tackle the application of Value Added Tax (VAT) to real estate lease transactions. Whilst VAT payment in Nigeria is limited to supplies of either “goods” or “services”, the law only exempts from VAT “goods” or “services” that are explicitly listed in the statute. The failure to define the terms “goods” or “services” prior to 2019 led to the conclusion in some judicial decisions that lease transactions are subject to VAT because neither lease nor interest in land is explicitly exempt from VAT. Arubike and Onwumelu aim to explore the historical context of ‘the absence of precise definition’ controversy, the rationale behind judicial interpretations, the impact of the Finance Acts 2019, 2020 and 2023 in resolving these definition issues and their practical implications.
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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.4 – Print
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.4, there are well researched articles on:
- Taxation
- Arbitration Law & Practice
- International Investments
- Litigation Practice & Procedure
- Education – Commentary
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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.4 – E-Book
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.4, there are well researched articles on:
- Taxation
- Arbitration Law & Practice
- International Investments
- Litigation Practice & Procedure
- Education – Commentary
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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.4
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.4, there are well researched articles on:
- Taxation
- Arbitration Law & Practice
- International Investments
- Litigation Practice & Procedure
- Education – Commentary
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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.3 – Print
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.3, there are well researched articles on:
- Arbitration Law & Practice
- Banking Law & Practice
- Energy Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- Taxation
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The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.3 – E-Book
0₦5,000.00In this issue of The Gravitas Review of Business & Property Law Vol.15 No.3, there are well researched articles on:
- Arbitration Law & Practice
- Banking Law & Practice
- Energy Law
- Intellectual Property Law
- Taxation